46
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Cómo citar este artículo:
López, E. (Enero - Junio de 2023). El enfoque DOGME para mejorar las cuatro competencias del inglés en estudiantes de 3° nivel BGU de la unidad educativa República del Ecuador.
Sathiri (18)1, 46-56. https://doi.org/10.32645/13906925.1190
THE DOGME APPROACH TO IMPROVE
THE FOUR ENGLISH SKILLS IN 3RD BGU
LEVEL STUDENTS AT REPUBLICA DEL
ECUADOR EDUCATIONAL UNIT
EL ENFOQUE DOGME PARA MEJORAR LAS CUATRO
COMPETENCIAS DEL INGLÉS EN ESTUDIANTES DE 3° NIVEL
BGU DE LA UNIDAD EDUCATIVA REPUBLICA DEL ECUADOR
Recibido: 17/03/2022 - Aceptado: 11/01/2023
Edison Fernando López Lojan
Bachelor in Science of Business - University of Phoenix
Docente de la Unidad Educativa República del Ecuador
eopezl@pucesi.edu.ec
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8983-0451
Cómo citar este artículo:
López, E. (Enero - Junio de 2023). El enfoque DOGME para mejorar
las cuatro competencias del inglés en estudiantes de 3° nivel
BGU de la unidad educativa República del Ecuador. Sathiri
(18)1, 46-56. https://doi.org/10.32645/13906925.1190
47
THE DOGME APPROACH TO IMPROVE
THE FOUR ENGLISH SKILLS IN 3RD
BGU LEVEL STUDENTS AT REPUBLICA
DEL ECUADOR EDUCATIONAL UNIT
............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
Cómo citar este artículo:
López, E. (Enero - Junio de 2023). El enfoque DOGME para mejorar las cuatro competencias del inglés en estudiantes de 3° nivel BGU de la unidad educativa República del Ecuador.
Sathiri (18)1, 46-56. https://doi.org/10.32645/13906925.1190
Summary
The purpose of this study is to propose the use of Dogme method to improve the current English
material established by the Ministry of Education in order to enhance the academic performance.
Highschool students need to feel more engaged and motivated with their learning process, thus
they need more interesting material according to their needs. To achieve this goal, the current
didactic material needs to be modied with an innovating content that includes comprehensible
input depicted with association. For example teachers can include poems in a zero conditional
class to make the content more appealing to the students. The purpose to employ this method is to
excel the four English skills such as speaking, writing, reading, and listening in students of 3rd BGU
level of Republica del Ecuador Educational Unit from Otavalo City.
A descriptive investigation was applied using the deductive method with a sample of 45
students, a survey that contained a likert scale was performed on the students. The validation was
determined by the technical judgment of three experts and the reliability of 0.749 showed a high
internal consistency through the SPSS Statistics Visor. The results indicated the students´ necessity
of understandable input in the English material as well as the urgency to improve their four English
skills.
Keywords: Participation, Motivation, Creativity, Innovation, Complementary.
48
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Cómo citar este artículo:
López, E. (Enero - Junio de 2023). El enfoque DOGME para mejorar las cuatro competencias del inglés en estudiantes de 3° nivel BGU de la unidad educativa República del Ecuador.
Sathiri (18)1, 46-56. https://doi.org/10.32645/13906925.1190
Introduction
The students from 3rd baccalaureate level of the Republica del Ecuador Educational Unit do not feel
motivated enough when they have to make their English homework because of the monotonous
nature of the material given by the Ministry of Education that tends to repeat the same pattern
over and again. The students usually complain that the weekly English material mostly contains
mechanicall drills with a few listening tasks. The main emphasized skills are reading and writing, and
if we add to this situation the obsolete attitude of some traditional teachers that are not willing to
listen to pieces of advice and modify their methods in order to change the learning experience for
the benet of their students, the scenario seems to be hopeless.
The use of the Dogme method is an alternative to modify the English material and make it more
appealing to students, thus boosting their interest and motivation to study English. This method
oers strategies where teachers can create their own material, and students are more empowered
in the learning process because they are also active members in making the new material. In this
method, association is an important tactic to reach the desired levels because each grammar topic
is associated with an interesting and complementary theme. For example, simple past can be
taught with biographies, zero conditional with poems, and rst conditional with future goals. Also
in building activities, both teachers and students can suggest new ideas to customize the material.
There are many important additions to the resource such as video recordings done in class, songs,
storytelling, power point slides, dynamic games, virtual role plays, interactive quizzes, etc. All this
new input will highly improve the four macro-skills.
General Objective
To propose a new didactic innovating strategy using Dogme method to strengthen the four English
macro skills in 3rd BGU students from the República del Ecuador Educational Unit.
Specic Objecives
• To analyze the current curriculum and the resources proposed to the 3rd BGU students.
• To identify the benets of Dogme method to reinforce the current didactic resources
proposed by the Ministry of Education.
• To design a strategy to modify the English material with more appealing content.
Methods and Materials
The nature of this investigation is quantitative (Hernandez, Fernandez, y Baptista 2003) according
to them the objective of this kind of research is to measure phenomena and obtain data to nd out
the common problems that the students from 3rd baccalaureate level have with the English material
given by the Ministry of Education. The technique employed in this research is descriptive statistics
because it presents the data using absolute and relative frequencies which are displayed on tables
and graphics.
49
THE DOGME APPROACH TO IMPROVE
THE FOUR ENGLISH SKILLS IN 3RD
BGU LEVEL STUDENTS AT REPUBLICA
DEL ECUADOR EDUCATIONAL UNIT
............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
Cómo citar este artículo:
López, E. (Enero - Junio de 2023). El enfoque DOGME para mejorar las cuatro competencias del inglés en estudiantes de 3° nivel BGU de la unidad educativa República del Ecuador.
Sathiri (18)1, 46-56. https://doi.org/10.32645/13906925.1190
This investigation is a non-experimental design, because it does not alter the variables. The
type of research is descriptive because it identifies the current characteristics of the E n g l i s h
material given by the Ministry of Education and the benets of using Dogme approach as a method
to improve the didactic material and the English skills. This investigation is about population,
sample, and statistics. The method employed on this research is deductive because of the use of
instruments to retrieve data from the students of 3rd BGU level and identify the characteristics of
the problem with the English material in order to provide a pedagogical contribution.
The population is represented by 45 students of 3rd BGU level, the sample of the investigation
was retrieved by an eight-question survey with a polychotomous nature with multiple choice
selection which was conducted by probabilistic sample. This data was analyzed by a likert scale,
and the validation of data was measured by the judgment of three experts.
The data obtained by the instrument was placed on tables and statistical graphics, and then this
information was measured by the Alpha coecient of Cronbach through the SPSS Statistics Visor
Application, depicting 0.749 which is over the standard.
Results
The following data shows the analysis of the data obtained on the survey applied to 36 students of
3rd BGU level from the República el Ecuador Educational Unit in Otavalo. The statistic tables show
the information that determines the impact of the Dogme method in current English material from
the Ministry of Education and the need of innovation to improve the material in order to enhance
the four English skills. According to Hernandez, et al (2014) the analysis of statistic data allows to
interpret the values related to information proposed.
Table 1.
Theorical Focus(X) regarding appealing material
Note: Data taken from the instrument applied to the students of 3rd BGU level
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Cómo citar este artículo:
López, E. (Enero - Junio de 2023). El enfoque DOGME para mejorar las cuatro competencias del inglés en estudiantes de 3° nivel BGU de la unidad educativa República del Ecuador.
Sathiri (18)1, 46-56. https://doi.org/10.32645/13906925.1190
Descriptive statistic analysis 1
The study indicates that 20 out of 36 students, which represent 55.6% arm that the
English material is frequently interesting. From here 12 (33.3%) of the Ss consider that the English
class always includes interesting material. Then 3 (8.3%) of them believe that the class sometimes
includes interesting material. And nally 1 (2.8%) student arms that the material received is rarely
interesting. They state that regardless the limitations on resources from the government. English
teachers usually have to go out of the comfort zone and customize the material to provide the best
learning experience for their students (Jeyaraj, John Sekar, 2017).
Table 2.
Theorical Focus(X) regarding understandable reading material
Note: Data taken from the instrument applied to the students of 3rd BGU level
Descriptive statistic analysis 2
In this study 15 out of 35, which represents 42.9% arm that the reading material they receive
is enough comprehensible. From here 13 (37.1%) of the Ss consider that the reading material is
very understandable. Then 7 (20%) of them believe that the reading material received is somehow
understandable. This is the biggest strength from the Ministry of Education. The reading skill is
the most emphasized skill. Therefore there are many readings available throughout the whole
standardized modules, but unfortunately other skills such as speaking and listening do not contain
many activities. Docents are forced to edit the content of readings with more understandable input.
The Dogme method helps improve the reading material because it is not limited with formats and
standards (Banegas, 2012).
Table 3.
Theorical Focus(X) regarding complementary activities
Note: Data taken from the instrument applied to the students of 3rd BGU level
51
THE DOGME APPROACH TO IMPROVE
THE FOUR ENGLISH SKILLS IN 3RD
BGU LEVEL STUDENTS AT REPUBLICA
DEL ECUADOR EDUCATIONAL UNIT
............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
Cómo citar este artículo:
López, E. (Enero - Junio de 2023). El enfoque DOGME para mejorar las cuatro competencias del inglés en estudiantes de 3° nivel BGU de la unidad educativa República del Ecuador.
Sathiri (18)1, 46-56. https://doi.org/10.32645/13906925.1190
Descriptive statistic analysis 3
In this analysis 18 out of 36 students, which represent 50% agree that the activities provided
by the teachers complement the topics taught. From here 13 (36.1%) strongly agree that the
activities complement the topics. Then 5 (13.9%) of them somehow agree that the activities
presented complement the topics taught. This is not easily achieved because teachers usually
undergo processes of ´´material maintenance´´ to look for complementary activities in order to
ensure knowledge acquisition. It´s an innate ability of the English teachers to implement the most
comprehensible input to the didactic material regardless all odds. The Dogme approach promotes
the creation of innovating activities that complement the topics (Amjad, Shahzad & Tahir, 2021).
Table 4.
Theorical Focus(X) regarding active participation
Note: Data taken from the instrument applied to the students of 3rd BGU level
Descriptive statistic analysis 4
The analysis shows that 21 out of 36 students, which represent 58.3% arm that the English
teacher always promotes participation. From here 14 (38.9%) of the Ss consider that the docent
frequently promotes participation. Then 1 (2.8%) student believes that the instructor sometimes
promotes participation. The Dogme approach promotes participation with the customized material
(Sarani, Malmir, 2019). It´s very important to mention that the government only allows two weekly
hours of English which is less than the average compared to other subjects such as Literature and
mathematics. The time in live classes is very essential since this is the only mean to measure the
students performance and progress through active participation even though some assignments
require making of video recording tasks.
Table 5.
Theorical Focus(X) regarding creativity
Note: Data taken from the instrument applied to the students of 3rd BGU level
52
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Cómo citar este artículo:
López, E. (Enero - Junio de 2023). El enfoque DOGME para mejorar las cuatro competencias del inglés en estudiantes de 3° nivel BGU de la unidad educativa República del Ecuador.
Sathiri (18)1, 46-56. https://doi.org/10.32645/13906925.1190
Descriptive statistic analysis 5
This study states that 16 students out of 36, which represent 44.4% consider that the homework
they receive contains enough level of creativity. From here 14 (38.9%) of the Ss consider that the
homework assigned requires a lot of creativity. Then 6 (16.7%) of them believe that the assignments
somehow require creativity. For example in a homework about breaking news, the students take the
role of a reporter and have to tell a special new with an stylish background and music, and all this
must be video recorded. English is one of the subjects that incentives imagination, innovation, and
creativity since the eectiveness of the learning process depend on how practical is the knowledge
(Thornbury S, 2000).
Table 6.
Theorical Focus(X) regarding motivation
Note: Data taken from the instrument applied to the students of 3rd BGU level
Descriptive statistic analysis 6
In this study 20 out out 35 students, which represent 57.1% believe to be motivated in their English
class. From here 9 (25.7%) of the Ss consider to be highly motivated in class. Then 6 (17.1%) of
them believes to be low motivated. Motivation is the result of appropiate methodology where the
instructor plays a critical role to be reective with the students in every topic. For example the use
of frequent feedback is essential to incentive the students to become active members of the class
since it makes them feel that their opinions matter. Negative feedback must be avoided at all costs,
constructive criticism must be employed instead (Banegas, 2012) .
Table 7.
Theorical Focus(X) regarding skills to improve
Note: Data taken from the instrument applied to the students of 3rd BGU level
53
THE DOGME APPROACH TO IMPROVE
THE FOUR ENGLISH SKILLS IN 3RD
BGU LEVEL STUDENTS AT REPUBLICA
DEL ECUADOR EDUCATIONAL UNIT
............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
Cómo citar este artículo:
López, E. (Enero - Junio de 2023). El enfoque DOGME para mejorar las cuatro competencias del inglés en estudiantes de 3° nivel BGU de la unidad educativa República del Ecuador.
Sathiri (18)1, 46-56. https://doi.org/10.32645/13906925.1190
Descriptive Statistic Analysis 7
This study indicates that 12 out of 36 students, which represent 33.3% arm that they need to
improve the speaking skill above the other ones. From here 9 (25%) of the Ss consider they need
to improve the writing skill. Then 8 (22.2%) of them believe they need to improve the reading skill.
And nally 7 (19.4%) students arm they need to improve the listening skill. They usually employ
writing to do tasks, listening while singing and receiving instructions, reading while understanding
the stories and objectives, but they have a low chance to practice speaking when they are outside
the classroom. The Dogme method helps improve the speaking skill because it allows teachers and
students to work as a team in the making of speaking material without the use of technological
tools (Amjad, Shahzad & Tahir, 2021).
Table 8.
Theorical Focus(X) regarding if the current material helps improve the four skills
Note: Data taken from the instrument applied to the students of 3rd BGU level
Descriptive statistic analysis 8
In this study 21 out of 36 students, which represent 58.3% agree that the current English material
helps them improve the four English skills. From here 10 (27.8%) of the Ss strongly agree that the
current material helps them improve the four skills. Then 4 (11.1%) of them somehow agree that
the current material helps them improve the skills. And nally 1 (2.8%) student disagree that the
current material helps improve the four English skills. As previously mentioned, the material was
strengthened by the teachers, and the Ss experienced a new material that caught their attention
more than ever. Teachers used complementary activities for each grammar topic and avoided
the endless reading tasks from the standardized material. Every activity empowered the Ss in the
learning process because there is creativity in every aspect of the work (Jeyaraj, John Sekar, 2017).
Discussion
The Dogme method is a useful tool in the editing of English material from the Ministry of Education
because it gives the instructor the freedom to edit the material in order to add interesting input that
is urgently needed to improve the teaching-learning procedures (Thornbury S. 2000). According to
the experiment, the new material changed the methodology, and it greatly improved the learning
experience. Teachers from 3rd BGU level of the Republica de Ecuador educational Unit agreed
54
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Cómo citar este artículo:
López, E. (Enero - Junio de 2023). El enfoque DOGME para mejorar las cuatro competencias del inglés en estudiantes de 3° nivel BGU de la unidad educativa República del Ecuador.
Sathiri (18)1, 46-56. https://doi.org/10.32645/13906925.1190
to use the edited resources for a whole month, the students were not told about the changes
in the material but at the end of the month they recovered some aspects previously lost such as
increasing motivation, and active participation. Regardless the improvements, the Ss mentioned
that the speaking skill needs to be reinforced.
This emerging method uses a special segment called association which reinforces the topics
with appealing material, for example it adds breaking news activities to reported speeches topic,
thus the students can boost their interest in the knowledge proposed.
First, it identies interesting material that can be related to the topic aimmed, then it
designs activities for live participation. At the end an enhanced homework is crafted which contains
meaningful drills and video recordings to strengthen the knowledge.
Second, the content is transfered to Power Point slides for better visuals and improving
delivery. In case of presencial classes the teachers will hand in worksheets of the new material to
the students in class.
Although the Dogme method can drastically improve the learning experience, it has its
limitations because it is not really suitable for beginner levels due to the level of the associating
themes which is intermediate. For a striving result, the students from lower levels must take a
leveling course in order to keep pace with their colleagues (Sarani, Malmir, 2019).
Conclusion
English teachers face the dilemma of choosing from keeping the standard structure of the material
or customizing according to the students´ needs. The teachers that prefer to become more reective
will always choose customizing as an improving tool to increase student engagement with language
acquisition. Ecuadorian teachers lack government support in terms of innovating content because
the material is obsolete and the current administration cut the educational budget, limiting the
updates of the English content.
Student motivation is the performance meter of the teacher´s methodology, the better the
content, the better the methodology. Studies indicate that students with traditional teachers are
less motivated than Ss with reective teachers that are willing to go out of their confort zone and
edit the available content. This is where the Dogme method comes into action because it grants a
golden opportunity to modify the material and make it more appealing to the Ss. Under this method,
the English teacher can also team up with the Ss in the making of new content.The former version
of the Dogme method proved to be radical, but as times change and the knowledge becomes more
available to the public, new techniques can be added to the proposed method.
According to this investigation, association is the best technique to include in the Dogme
method because it adds interesting input with appealing material that complements the main
topic. This associating technique greatly improves the English material and therefore it strengthens
55
THE DOGME APPROACH TO IMPROVE
THE FOUR ENGLISH SKILLS IN 3RD
BGU LEVEL STUDENTS AT REPUBLICA
DEL ECUADOR EDUCATIONAL UNIT
............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
Cómo citar este artículo:
López, E. (Enero - Junio de 2023). El enfoque DOGME para mejorar las cuatro competencias del inglés en estudiantes de 3° nivel BGU de la unidad educativa República del Ecuador.
Sathiri (18)1, 46-56. https://doi.org/10.32645/13906925.1190
the four macro skills, for example the created content can include crafty activities of random
participation to improve the speaking skill, the meaningful drills can enhance the writing skill, the
team assignments can help improve the reading skill, and the individual participation can increase
the listening skill.
It is highly recommended for English teachers to employ the Dogme method in order to strive in
editing the current material. The role of reective teachers is to keep the material up-to-date with
the demands of modern times. Under the current limitations, teachers must incentive creativity in
the learning process to counter obsolete methodologies that are merely mechanical.
Recomendation
The Dogme metthod is a technique subject to improvement due to the constant advances in
technology and the changes in social context. Instructors should go out of their comfort zones
and improve this method. For example they can search for complementary activities that boost
the students´ curiosity to strengthen motivation. New studies must be conducted to enhance the
eciency of this method as more teachers include it in their planning phase.
56
............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
Cómo citar este artículo:
López, E. (Enero - Junio de 2023). El enfoque DOGME para mejorar las cuatro competencias del inglés en estudiantes de 3° nivel BGU de la unidad educativa República del Ecuador.
Sathiri (18)1, 46-56. https://doi.org/10.32645/13906925.1190
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